SIMULTANEOUS CAUSALITY AND THE SPATIAL DYNAMICS OF VIOLENT CRIMES AS A FACTOR IN AND RESPONSE TO POLICE PATROLLING

Simultaneous Causality and the Spatial Dynamics of Violent Crimes as a Factor in and Response to Police Patrolling

Simultaneous causality occurs when two variables mutually influence each other, creating empirical contexts where cause and effect are not clearly unidirectional.Crime and policing often appear in urban studies presenting the following characteristic: sometimes, increased police patrols can reduce criminal activities, and other times, higher crime

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Numerical simulation of single bubble boiling behavior

The phenomena of a single bubble boiling process are studied with numerical modeling.The mass, momentum, energy and level set equations are solved using COMSOL multi-physics software.The bubble boiling dynamics, the Leather Tote Bag transient pressure field, velocity field and temperature field in time are analyzed, and reasonable results are obtai

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